Measuring apparatus



May 13 1924. Re. 15,834

c. BERGER MEASURING APPARATUS Original Filed Oct. 16. 1918 2 Sheets-Sheet l Chm/12w" 7 INVENTOR,

BY r

ATTORNEY6.

May 13 1924. 7 C. BERGER MEASURING APPARATUS I Original Filed Oct. 16/1918 2 Sheets-Shet 2 INVENTOR;

Y 7 I M ,K' 5 25mm Reissued May 13, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CH RIST IAN BERGER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TOCOMPUTING-TABULATING- RECORDING COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MEASURING APPARATUS.

Original No. 1,295,842, dated larch 4, 1919, Serial No. 258,329, filed October 16, 1 918. Application for reissue filed September 3,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN BERGER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county of New York I and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Measuring Apparatus, of which the. following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to measuring apparatus, and moreparticularly to apparatus for measuring the weight of articles such as merchandise, and a particular instance in which this invention possesses utility, is the 1920. Serial No. 408,091.

Another object is to enable the utilization of the entire surface of the chart or rotary cylinder for the purpose of indicating measurements readable at different times or to persons at both sides, yet without confusion from the presence of the numbers or characters not to be read.

Other and further objects and advantages will be elucidated in the hereinafter following description of an embodiment of the so called automatic weighing machine liavresent invention, or will be clear to those mg a relatively movable chart of tables or s 'lled in the art.

scales upon which the weight or even the sales price of the commodity upon the scales is directly indicated. The invention is applicable to the various types of such apparatus now well known. In one type the chart of tables or scales consists of a rotary cylinder'on which'the tables are impressed by printing. or otherwise inscribed, this cylindrical chart being viewable by the salesman at one side and by the customer at the other side, and I show this type as an illustratlon of the utility of the invention.

The general object of the present invention is to improve the efliciency and .convemence of 111835111111 apparatus especially of the kind mentione The general plan is to have over the charts area, two complete sets of tables or inscriptions, of different colors or kinds, and to view the same by different lights, so that either one is made apparent, the other di sap caring; thus effectively doubling the usefu 'area of the chart. IVhen duplicate tables areused they will usually be viewed simultaneously from different points; but two tables, corresponding, or otherwise related, may be used, to be viewed ap'difi'erent times or selectively by the salesman, obvious uses bein to print dollars and cents in one color, an shillings and pence in the other, or wei hts u to a certain limit in one color and beyon it in the other, giving a double range of readings and prices. 7

A particular object is to afford a measuring machine with a relatively movable chart, and which can be consulted so as to disclose either, of the two tables to an observer, or consulted simultaneously by, two person's 0 the attainment of the above objects and\ advantages, the present invention consists in the novel measuring apparatus and the novel table, scale or chart herein illustraied or described, as well as the various des ribed features of combination, arrangement and detail.

In the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, Figure 1 is a side elevation showing asuitable measuring apparatus, namely, an automatic weighing machine of usual commercial form and embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left elevation of the upper part of the same, showing especially the casing and a part of the movable cylindrical chart.

contained therein.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic central cross-section of the parts seen in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the cylindrical tabular chart, with many of the numerals or entries omitted and those that are shown exaggerated insize and arrangement. The first series of numbers in this I diagram are indicated completely around the periphery of the chart at the points where they would not be seen in the perspective view, for the purpose of explanation. 1

Figs. 5 and 6 are optical diagrams showing the action-of the light and the effect of. the medium or screen.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the inscription on the chart at the left side.

Fig. 8 is a similar view of the corresponding inscription observed by the person at the opposite or righthand side.

Fig. 9 shows how the inscription of Fig.

. bodiments of the '7 appears to .the observer at the left by the use of the medium or screen at that side, and a Fig. correls pondingly shows how the inscri tion of 1g. 8 appears to the observer at t e right by the use of themedium at that side.

Figs. 11, 12 and 13 indicate modified eminvention adapted. togive analogous results. v

I Wlll first describe some of the features of the particular type of measuring or weighm apparatus to which for illustration I have s own the present invention applied. Referringto Fig. 1, within the base 15 and standard 16 is located suitable weighing,

mechanism, the details of which per se form no part of the present invention. Above the base is the scale pan or platform 17, upon which is shown a commodity or article of merchandise 18, which is the subject of sale,

and the weight and price of which is to .be determined. At the top of the standard is a casing 19, containing the relatively mov able and preferably rotary cylindrical shart 20, mounted referably on a horizontal axis by any suita le fixtures. By this arrange' ment the cylindrical chart 20 bearin the inscripitons or numerals 21 is viewab e from the two opposite sides of the sales counter by the customer and the salesman, respectively. At each side of the'casing 19-is proyided with an opening surrounded by a hood or frame 22, which may contain' a plate of. glass 23, so that the tabular matter or scales can be easily seen. be ins cted bythe general illumination or daylig t, or in some cases it .is preferable to provide special lamps24. Normally, when no article is on'the seal pan, the rotating chart or cylinder 20 stands i with each of its scales at zero, and as an index to judge the correct reading a distincti'vehorizontal or zero line 25 is suitably inscribed on the plate glass 23 or otherwise. The operation in determining the price 0' a quantity of material placed in the scal:

pan may be as follows. The interior mech anlsm causes the rotatio'n of the cylindrical chart, 20 until it comes to'balance at the proper adjustment. 'As shown'in Fig. 4, thisv indicates a reading of 5, which means fiie cents if the scale system, -21 is inscribed to operation isfto select on the price scale 27 the figure indicating the price perpound of f The scales may,

the commodity, and by examining directly above this the magnified view of the proper scale isfound opposite to the index line 25, a reading which constitutes the total price of the commodity or article being sold.

It is obvious that the set of inscriptions seen by the salesman at the left and shown in Figs. 2 and 4 would upon a half revolution of the c linder stand in inverted position before t 1e customer. This set of numbers, therefore, is not only inverted for-the customer, but gives the wrong readings or results, sothat the same is of no use at that side of the apparatus, but on the contrary a distinct detrimentin the confusion it would tend to produce in reading a second and properly located set or system of numbers. In such and other cases, it is' 'of value to have two separately "iewable tables or scales, and this can be done Withoutconfusion by tl1e, .present invention.

According to the present'invention I in scribe upon the movable chart two super: posed sets of inscriptions of opticall dissimilar kinds, for example, of dissimi ar orcomplementary colors. By superposed I mean that one set of inscriptions is printed or impressed upon the chart in proper position, arrangement and size without respect to the other set, and then the other set likewise printed over the same chart surface without respect to the first set. Sometimes the numbers or markings of one set may fall between. those of the others, or sometimes directly one over the other, as seen in Figs. 4, 7 and 8. With such a chartin such a measuring apparatus I am enabled to combine a suitable correcting means such that one set or system of tables is apparent or visible from one point or side, and the other set from another point or theopposite side,

or. the two .sets successively or selectively from thesame, point.

Such being the general characteristics of the present invention, I will now describe the preferred mode of embodying the same in practical form.

A. convenient mode of proyiding the dirplicate or superposed sets of readings or tables of optically dissimilar kinds is to print the system in two distinctive, opposite or complementary colors, and for the sake of illustration the colors red and green may be chosen, since they are practically complementary for the purposes of the' present invention. In combination with such a two-v color chart, this invention provides correcting means, preferably in the form of optical screens, which may consist simply of colored glasses corresponding with the selected colors. red and green, and so arranged that the personsat the opposite sides will view the chart by light of the selected complementary colors. respectively;

Thus, referring to. the perspective dia- 21 is shown in full lines, representing a red printing color, while in dotted lines representing green is a duplicate system of nu merals 21. The latter are, in the illustrated employment of the invention, relatively inverted, and are spaced away from the same numbers on the other system, namely, approximately 180 therefrom. It now, with this arrangement we can render the green numerals easilv visible or apparent to the salesman at the left, while the red numerals are substantially invisible or non-apparent, and at the opposite side can render apparent the red numerals only, then without confusion or inconvenience the persons at the two sides will each perceive the same reading, namely, 5, thus attaining the object of the present invention.

To secure this result it is only necessary, according to this invention to provide that the salesman at the left shall View the chart with green light, and the customer at the right viewit with red light; it being presupposed that the chart itself is'printed on white paper or material. A simple manner in which to accomplish this is to employ aplate of green glass 23 for the glass 23 atthe left, and a plate of red glass 23 for that at the right, within the respective hoods or frames 22. and as indicated by the peterence numerals in Figs. 2 and 3. The effect of this is that whether daylightbe used, or the special lamps 24, the observer at the left for example, is able tosee the chart only by reflected light which has been twice transmitted through the medium, screen or glass plate 23 This apparently colors the white background of the chart to a green color, and the green printed numbers 2.1 being of an appropriate shade, blend anddisappear so that the observer sees only the red system of numbers or scales; and the converse is true at the opposite side, the customer, through the red glass, seeing only the lgreen colored inscriptions of the chart.- T e optical principles of this result are,

made clear on Figs. 5 and 6. On Fig. 5

. a portion ofgthe chart 20 is shown, having white, green and red areas. In front stands the green color-screen 23. The action of a green glass is to" shut off the transmission of rays of light other than green. Any white light, therefore, from the chart is converted into green as itpasses through. The green light from the green areas passes through the screen without change, whereas the light .from the red areas, having no green comonent, is wholly cut off at the glass, plate. he observer, therefore, at the exterior sees only an even color everywhere,excepting for the red portions of the chart, which send no light to his eye, andtherefore appear black, Analogously'Fig. fi'shows how the red portionsof the chart blend with the background when seen through the red glass, whereas the green portions stand out as black lines.

, Figs. 7 to 10 illustrate these results on an enlarged scale. In Figs. -7 and 8 the vertically shaded lines indicate red color, and

the slanted ones green color. Taking Fig.

7, for example, we have superposed nuthe green screen 23, however} is, as shownin Fig. 9, to practically erase the green numeral 35, whereas by contrast the red numeral'5 stands out bold-1y in black. The more perfect and correct the colors selected for the printing and for the screens, the more perfect will be-the result,- and inaccuracies will'tend to introduce a slight indication of the undesired numeral, without, however, spoiling the desired effect; At the oposite or front side the purchaser would see, as in Fig. *8, the upright numeral 5 in green and the inverted gnumeral 35 in red, but being compelled to view this through a red screen, he only observes the numeral 5 standing outin black contrast. Thus,.boththe salesman and the purchaser are advised that the price of the article is five.

[t is convenient to provide not only-the on top of the other in the opposite colors.

red and green, dispensing with any mask, and also gaining considerable space and enabling additional price scales to be added to a. chart of given length. i

In lieu, of printing first 'a green system\ 1 5 on the chart, and then a red one, one'mlght beseparately printed on a separate transparent paper and wrapped about the other.

Instead of providing the; colored glass plates 23 and 23' in the hoods 22, res ectively, the same result may be accomplis ed in many other and equivalent ways.- For example, as shown in Fig. 11, 'a layer 31 .of the color red or green may be attached or coatedon the lens, orthe lens itself might be of glass ofthe proper color. Or,

i price table system 21 on the chart, but also a. weight table 28. which for convenience as in Fig. 12, asm all liquid tank may be provided by means of a glass plate 32 spaced away from the lens with peripheral walls 33, the tank being filledwith a liquid oftion the chart may be printed with a red or green dye or ink of'thiskind, and the lens coated with a layer of the same mate rial held in place by gelatin or other suitable vehicle. The liquid tanktof Fig. 12 permits the anilin color to be increased or decreased in strength or depth to adjust it to the purposes of the invention.

Instead of )lacing a screen between the eye and the clart, a similar result may be 0 tained by brightly illuminating the chart by colored light. Thus, as in Pig. 13, the green screen 23' isplaced between the lamp 24; and the hood 22. In effect the white parts of the chart are thereby colored up to a green color sufiiciently matching the green printed numbers to render .them invisible, whereas the red printed numbers will, stand out prominently as black. At

\ the opposite side a red screen 23 similarly placed will give analogous results; and in some cases the color screen at one sidemight be wholly omitted if the chart were printed vividly in one color and palely in the other color, so that at one side by ordinary light and at the other side by colored light the proper system or set of chart numerals would be relatively more apparent than the V The red and green screens 23' and separate sets of inscriptions viewable selectively by the salesman. v

It will thus be seen that I have'described one form of measuring apparatus, namely, a weighing machine of a suita-ble type, the same embodying the principles and attaining the objects and advantages of the resent invention, but since many described and illustrated matters of form, arrangement, combination, details and other features may be variously modified without departing from the underlying principles, it is not inibletlie 'obiect from which the light comes either directl or by way of reflection. By,

way of furtier example the term color filter employed in the claims is intended to include a colored translucent element'between the chart and the observer, or a-similar element between the lamp and the chart,- or the colored globe of alamp, or other variations within "the scope of the inventio'n.

W'hat is claimed is:

1. An automatic weighing machine of the type having a rotatable cylindrical chart viewable from opposite sides, the same comprising said chart, the same printed with duplicate sets of tables by complementary colors, as, red and with optical s'creensin front of said chart at the two sides thereof, the samevhaving colors corres nding respectively to said colois, whe y one set of tables is apparent to an observer at one side and the other set at the other side.

2. A measuring apparatus com rising measuring means, a chart. inscribe with superposed sets of inscriptions of optically dissimilar kinds, he same viewable simultaneously from ifi'erent viewpoints and mounted and connected so as to be shiftable by the act-ion of the measuring means, in combination with an optical correcting means whereby one set of such inscriptions is predominantly apparent from one view point and another set from another view point.

3. A measuring ap aratus "com risin measuring means, a ciiart inscrib 'wit superposed sets of inscriptions of optically dissimilar kinds, the same viewable simultaneously from different view ints and mounted and connected so as 'to e shiftable by the actionof the measuring means, in combination with dissimilar optical screens located at different points such that one set of such inscriptions is predominantly apparent through one screen from one viewpoint and another set through another screen ,from another. view oint.

4. In or or a measuring apparatus, a calibrated printed charthaving a tabular set of inscriptions printed in one character or color, and supe' osed on the same a sec- .ondor' separate ta ular set .of inscriptions printed in a dissimilar character or color' and in a predeterminedrelation to the first set.

5. A measuring apparatus comprising a. calibrated chart viewable by different lights and printed with twosuperposed systems of inscriptionsrof opposite colors, in combination with means whereby the chart may be,

een, in combination exposed to view by lights-of different colors.

'6. A measuring apparatus comprisinga calibrated chart relatively cordance with the quantity measured and viewable by different lights and printed.

shiftable in acof inscriptions of opposite co with two superposed systems of inscriptions of opposite colors, in combination with optical screens of corresponding colors adjacent the chart.

7. A measuring ap )aratus comprising a calibrated chart views; le by difi'erent lights consisting of a transparent tank containing dilute color material corresponding to one of those with which the chart is printed.

9. A measuring apparatus calibrated chart having a set of inscriptions printed in one color and superposed over the same area a second set of inscriptions dissimilar color.

10. A weighing apparatus comprising a weight-shifted chart viewable by different lights and printed with superposed tables in printed in a "opposite colors, and means for exposing the art to lights of different colors.

11.: A measuring apparatus comprising in combination, a chart, an index cooperative with said chart, said chart and index bein relatively movable, said chart bein rovided with a lurality of superimposed ifierently colored series of progressive indications, and means comprising a color filter for causing one of said series to become predominantly visible with respect to said index. r

12. A measuring apparatus com rising in combination, a calibrated chart aving a plurality of superimposed difl'erently colored series of progressive indications, means comprising a color filter for causing one of said series to become predominantl visible, and means comprising a color lter for cordance with the quantit causing another of said series to become predominantly visible.

13. A measuring machine comprising in combination, a support, a chart movably mounted thereon, and displaceable in acmeasured, said chart being rovided wit difl'erently co ored series of progresslve ina plurality of dications, and means comprising a color filter for causing one of said series to become predominantly visible.

14. A chart provided with a plurality of superimposed difi'erently colored series of progressive indications, each of said series eing relatively displaced with respect to the remaining series in-the direction of progression.

15. A chart provided with a plurality of superimposed ifierently colored series of progressive indications, the indications of each of said series being relatively displaced with respect'to similar indications of the remaining series in the direction of progresslon.

16. A weight-controlled measuring apparatus having a printed chart having a ta lar set of inscnptions printed in one color, and superposed on the same a corresponding tabular set of inscriptions printed in,a dis-' similar color and 'in a predetermined rela-' tion to the first set, and means comprising a color filter for causing one of said sets to become predominantly visible.

17 A weight-controlled measuring apparatus having a relatively movable printed chart having a tabular set of inscriptions printed in one color, and superposed on the sam a corresponding tabular set of inscriptions printed in a dlssimilar color and in a predetermined relation to the first set, and

means com rising a color filter for causing one of sai sets to become predominantly visible.

In testimony whereof, I have aflixed my 1 signature hereto.

' CHRISTIAN BERGER, 

